一、准备
1.1 环境准备
1.2 tomcat多实例
把/etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh中的变量注释了
#export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat#export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat#export CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat#export CATALINA_TMPDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/temp#export TOMCAT_USER=tomcatunset TOMCAT_HOMEunset CATALINA_HOMEunset CATALINA_BASEunset CATALINA_TMPDIR
复制tomcat目录
cd /opt/tomcatcp -a apache-tomcat-8.5.16 tomcat8180cp -a apache-tomcat-8.5.16 tomcat8280cp -a apache-tomcat-8.5.16 tomcat8380
修改配置
# 创建部署目录mkdir -p /data/webappschown -R tomcat:tomcat /data/webapps# 修改配置，通过脚本修改如下内容# 行号 替换前 替换后# 22 8005 => 8105# 69 8080 => 8180# 116 8009 => 8109# 148 appBase="webapps" => appBase="/data/webapps"# 执行脚本a.shsh a.sh# 查看修改后的不同diff /opt/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.16/conf/server.xml /opt/tomcat/tomcat8180/conf/server.xml
a.sh
#!/bin/shfor i in {1..3}do file=/opt/tomcat/tomcat8"$i"80/conf/server.xml sed -i '22s/8005/8'"$i"'05/' $file sed -i '69s/8080/8'"$i"'80/' $file sed -i '116s/8009/8'"$i"'09/' $file #sed -i '148s#appBase=".*"#appBase="/data/webapps"#' $filedone 启动多实例
# 以普通用户运行tomcat# for i in {1..3};do /opt/tomcat/tomcat8"$i"80/bin/daemon.sh start;donefor i in {1..3};do /opt/tomcat/tomcat8"$i"80/bin/startup.sh;donenetstat -tunlp | grep 80# 关闭for i in {1..3};do /opt/tomcat/tomcat8"$i"80/bin/shutdown.sh;done 
1.3 配置hosts
# 查看服务器ipifconfig# 修改hostsC:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc192.168.5.210 test.com192.168.5.210 beijing.test.com192.168.5.210 shanghai.test.com
二、负载均衡
2.2 流程
2.2 nginx配置
/etc/nginx.conf
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;events { worker_connections 1024;}# http最外层模块http { # 全局变量参数 include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream web_pool { server 127.0.0.1:8180 weight=1; server 127.0.0.1:8280 weight=1; server 127.0.0.1:8380 weight=2; } # server相当于虚拟站点 server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { proxy_pass http://web_pool; index index.html index.htm; } }} 解析
http：根元素upstream：反向代理的域server：虚拟站点location # 请求的一个节点
location参数
root # 站点根路径index # 首页proxy_pass # 代理服务proxy_redirect off; # 是否允许重写向proxy_set_header Host $host; # 传header参数至后台端服务proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;proxy_connect_timeout 90; # 连接代理服务超时时间proxy_send_timeout 90; # 请求改善最大时间proxy_read_timeout 90; # 读取最大时间
upstream参数
service # 反向服务地址加端口weight # 权重 max_fails # 失败多少次后认为主机已经挂掉，踢出fail_timeout # 踢出后重新探测时间backup # 备用服务max_conns # 允许最大连接数slow_start # 当节点恢复，不立即加入 max_fails注重用户体验好就要配置低server 127.0.0.1:8180 fail_timeout=5s slow_start=10s;
2.3 负载算法
ll+weight：根据权重轮询
ip_hash：hash(client_ip)%2=index，解决session一致性
url_hash：hash(url)%2=index，资源缓存服务
least_conn：最少连接
least_time：请求时间越少，权重越高
三、应用实战
在修改nginx.conf配置文件后
# 验证配置是否正确nginx -t# 平滑启动nginx -s reload
3.1 动静分离
nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;events { worker_connections 1024;}http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream web_pool { server 127.0.0.1:8180 weight=1; server 127.0.0.1:8280 weight=1; } upstream static_resource { server 127.0.0.1:8380; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; # 动态服务 location / { proxy_pass http://web_pool; index index.html index.htm; } # 静态服务 location ~* \.(gif|css|png|jpg|js|swf)(.*) { proxy_pass http://static_resource; } }} tomcat内容
基中index.html
cat /opt/tomcat/tomcat8180/webapps/ROOT/index.htmlindex Hello 8180
cat /opt/tomcat/tomcat8280/webapps/ROOT/index.html
index Hello 8280
浏览器访问test.com， Hello 8180与Hello 8280循环出现
3.2 防盗链
原理就是根据Referer防盗链
nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;events { worker_connections 1024;}http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream web_pool { server 127.0.0.1:8180 weight=1; server 127.0.0.1:8280 weight=1; } upstream static_resource { server 127.0.0.1:8380; } server { listen 80; server_name localhost; # 动态服务 location / { proxy_pass http://web_pool; index index.html index.htm; } # 静态服务 location ~* \.(gif|css|png|jpg|js|swf)(.*) { # 防盗链设置 valid_referers none blocked *.test.com; if ($invalid_referer) { rewrite ^/ http://7xkmkl.com1.z0.glb.clouddn.com/404.jpg; } proxy_pass http://static_resource; } }} 用IP访问：重新打开浏览器或Chrome用隐身模式打开
3.3 城市静态站点实现
server { listen 80; server_name *.test.com; root /data/www/$host; access_log logs/$host.access.log; location / { index index.html; }} 静态站点目录如下
index.html
cat /data/www/beijing.test.com/index.html beijingcat /data/www/shanghai.test.com/index.html shanghai
流量器访问beijing.test.com shanghai.test.com
